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Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Expert diagnosis and comprehensive management of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis with modern biologic therapies and personalised care.

Inflammatory bowel disease illustration showing intestinal inflammation

What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) refers to chronic conditions characterised by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two main types are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Unlike Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), IBD involves actual structural damage to the bowel wall and can lead to serious complications if not properly managed. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to achieve remission and prevent long-term damage.

IBD is a lifelong condition that typically follows a relapsing-remitting course. With modern treatments including biologic therapies, most patients can achieve good disease control and maintain quality of life.

Common Symptoms of IBD

Symptoms vary depending on disease location, severity, and whether it's Crohn's or UC.

Persistent diarrhoea (often bloody in ulcerative colitis)
Abdominal pain and cramping
Urgency and frequent bowel movements
Fatigue and weakness
Unintentional weight loss
Fever during flares
Reduced appetite
Anaemia

Crohn's Disease vs Ulcerative Colitis

Understanding the differences helps guide treatment decisions.

Crohn's Disease

Location: Can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus, commonly the terminal ileum.
Pattern: Patchy 'skip lesions' with normal bowel between affected areas.
Depth: Transmural inflammation affecting all layers of the bowel wall.
Complications: Strictures, fistulae, and abscesses are common.

Ulcerative Colitis

Location: Limited to the colon and rectum only.
Pattern: Continuous inflammation starting from the rectum and extending proximally.
Depth: Mucosal inflammation affecting the inner lining only.
Symptoms: Bloody diarrhoea and mucus are hallmark features.

How is IBD Diagnosed?

Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory tests, endoscopy, and imaging to confirm IBD and differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Colonoscopy with Biopsies

Gold standard for diagnosis, allowing direct visualisation and tissue sampling.

Learn more about this procedure →

Blood Tests

FBC, inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), liver function, and nutritional markers.

Faecal Calprotectin

Non-invasive stool test to measure intestinal inflammation.

CT/MRI Enterography

Imaging to assess small bowel involvement and complications.

Capsule Endoscopy

Small bowel visualisation when Crohn's disease is suspected.

Learn more about this procedure →
Colonoscopy procedure for IBD diagnosis

Treatment Options

Modern IBD treatment aims to induce and maintain remission, heal the bowel lining, and prevent complications.

Induction Therapy

  • Corticosteroids for acute flares
  • 5-ASA medications for mild-moderate UC
  • Exclusive enteral nutrition (Crohn's)

Maintenance Therapy

  • Immunomodulators (azathioprine, methotrexate)
  • Biologic therapies (anti-TNF, anti-integrin, anti-IL agents)
  • JAK inhibitors
  • 5-ASA for ulcerative colitis maintenance

Surgical Options

  • Colectomy for refractory ulcerative colitis
  • Resection for Crohn's strictures or fistulae
  • Drainage of abscesses

Potential Complications

Early diagnosis and effective treatment can prevent many of these complications.

Strictures

Narrowing of the bowel causing obstruction symptoms.

Fistulae

Abnormal connections between bowel and other organs or skin.

Colorectal Cancer

Increased risk with long-standing extensive colitis.

Malnutrition

Due to malabsorption, reduced intake, or medication side effects.

Extraintestinal Manifestations

Joint, skin, eye, and liver complications.

Comprehensive IBD Care

Dr. Prem Thurairajah provides expert IBD management with a focus on achieving disease remission, optimising quality of life, and preventing long-term complications through individualised treatment plans.

Expert Colonoscopy

High-quality diagnostic and surveillance colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy for dysplasia detection.

Biologic Therapies

Access to the latest biologic and small molecule therapies for moderate-severe IBD.

Multidisciplinary Care

Coordination with surgeons, dietitians, and other specialists for comprehensive care.

Expert IBD Care in Singapore

If you're experiencing symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease or need specialist management for Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, schedule a consultation today.

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Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.